News — dissolution

The following article has been authored by John Heaney.   Compared to dissolution Apparatus 1 (Baskets) and Apparatus 2 (Paddles), Dissolution Apparatus 3: Biodissolution (the reciprocating cylinder) is quite rare.  However, it has some key advantages over the more common baskets and paddles which can make it very useful for key applications. Apparatus 3 consists of a glass cylinder with a mesh screen at the bottom moving up and down in a specified distance and rate within a glass dissolution vessel.  The dosage form is held within the glass cylinder.  Vessels are typically arranged in rows allowing the glass cylinder...

The following article has been authored by John Heaney.   Deaeration, or degassing, of dissolution media is not required for every dissolution method, but when it is required it is critically important.  The USP Prednisone PVT requires deaeration of the dissolution media and the tablet is formulated to show whether or not the deaeration method is adequate.  Deaeration tends to have a larger impact on dissolution results as compared to other factors regarding the dissolution test.  How this shows itself can change depending both on the apparatus, and the dosage being tested. How to deaerate is largely up to the...

The following article has been authored by John Heaney. Does the presence of a resident sampling probe affect the hydrodynamics of a dissolution vessel?  Yes, yes it does.  The more important questions are how strong is the change in the hydrodynamics and is it strong enough to affect testing? USP <1092>, an advisory chapter addresses this directly with:  Sampling probes may or may not remain in the vessel throughout the entire run. Sampling probes or fiber-optic probes can disturb the hydrodynamics of the vessel; therefore, adequate validation should be performed to ensure that the probes are not causing a significant...

The following article has been authored by John Heaney.   The debate about the prednisone performance verification test (PVT) versus the ASTM enhanced mechanical calibration has gone on since the inception of ASTM chapter 2503.  Both are different means of providing an answer to the same question,” Is my dissolution tester suitable for use and can I trust the data from it?” The prednisone PVT is typically performed after a mechanical qualification of the dissolution tester which, if one follows USP 711, has wider tolerances for passing than ASTM 2503.  However, if one follows the suggestions in USP Guideline on...

The following article has been authored by John Heaney.   The USP chapter <711> says that dissolution testers should be free of any noticeable vibration.  While the chapter technically addresses the issue, it’s a far cry from the detail of the standards laid out for vessels, paddles, and baskets.  The reason for this likely lies with vibration itself. Vibration has both frequency and amplitude and those can be varied over a near limitless range. Sound is one of the most common forms of vibration that most people deal with on a day-to-day basis and is a good example of how...